Installing solar panels in a horizontal co-ownership property may seem complex, but it’s an excellent way to reduce your electricity bills while participating in the energy transition. Whether for common areas or more individual use, several options are available. This article guides you through the steps, benefits, and solutions for equipping your building with solar panels.
Key Takeaways
- Collective self-consumption allows co-owners to share solar energy produced by panels installed on their building, thereby reducing electricity bills for everyone.
- Before any installation, a feasibility study (solar assessment) is necessary, followed by a vote at a general meeting. The Energy and Climate Law has simplified this vote, changing it to a simple majority.
- The choice of location is important to maximize yield. A south-facing orientation and an inclination of about 30-35° are ideal, but solutions exist even without direct roof access.
- Installing solar panels in a co-ownership property brings financial benefits (reduced charges, increased property value) and environmental benefits (reduced carbon footprint, improved energy performance diagnosis).
- It is recommended to use RGE-certified professionals for compliant installation and to benefit from available financial aid, such as the self-consumption bonus and Energy Savings Certificates (CEE).
Understanding Collective Self-Consumption in Horizontal Co-Ownership
Installing solar panels in your co-ownership property is a step that may seem complex at first glance, but it opens the door to local energy production and substantial savings. Collective self-consumption, in particular, allows for the sharing of this on-site produced energy among several dwellings or common areas. This means that electricity generated by the sun on your roof can directly power your neighbors or the building’s common equipment. It’s a concrete way to participate in the energy transition while reducing your expenses.
Definition and Principles of Collective Self-Consumption
Collective self-consumption is the idea of producing electricity using solar panels installed on a collective building, and then distributing and consuming it within that same building or a group of nearby buildings. The principle is simple: locally produced energy is consumed locally. This implies that several consumers (co-owners, for example) join forces to use the electricity produced by one or more solar installations. It’s not just about powering common areas, but about sharing the production among participating individuals who request it. This sharing is governed by specific rules so that everyone benefits from the energy produced.
Different Self-Consumption Models for a Building
In a co-ownership, several self-consumption configurations are possible. You can opt for:
- Total Self-Consumption: All electricity produced by the panels is consumed on-site, generally to power common areas (stairwell lighting, elevator, intercom, etc.).
- Partial Self-Consumption with Surplus Sale: A portion of the electricity produced is consumed by the co-ownership, and the unused surplus is sold to an energy provider. This is a way to make the installation profitable more quickly.
- Total Sale: All production is sold to a provider. The generated revenue is then shared among co-owners or used to cover common charges.
Each model has its advantages and adapts to different needs and configurations. The choice will depend on your objectives: maximizing direct savings, generating additional income, or a combination of both.
The Role of the Organizing Legal Entity (PMO)
To implement a collective self-consumption operation, a structure must be designated to manage the project. This is the role of the Organizing Legal Entity (PMO). This can be the co-ownership’s managing agent itself, or another entity created specifically for the occasion, such as a co-owners’ association. The PMO has important responsibilities: it is the legal link between the producers (solar panels) and the consumers (participating co-owners). It handles the distribution of produced energy, contract management, and ensures the regulatory compliance of the operation. Its establishment is a key step for the smooth running of the project.
Key Steps for Installing Solar Panels in Co-Ownership
Installing solar panels in your co-ownership is a project that requires rigorous organization. It’s not just about fixing panels on a roof, but a process involving several administrative and technical steps. Here are the essential points to consider to successfully complete your project.
Conduct a Solar Assessment to Evaluate Feasibility
First and foremost, it is essential to conduct a solar assessment. This technical study determines if your co-ownership is a good candidate for installing photovoltaic panels. It takes into account several factors: the building’s current energy consumption, the solar potential of your region, the orientation and slope of your roof, and any potential shading. This assessment will give you a precise idea of the amount of electricity you could produce and, consequently, the potential profitability of the installation. This step helps define the necessary budget and anticipate the scope of the work.
Obtain Syndicate Approval by Vote at a General Meeting
Once the solar assessment confirms the feasibility of your project, the next step is to obtain formal approval from the co-ownership. This is done during a general meeting of co-owners. The law has evolved to facilitate these installations: now, the installation of solar panels is generally voted on by a simple majority of those present or represented, thanks to the renewable energy law. However, it is always good to check the specifics of your co-ownership regulations. If the vote is favorable, each co-owner will contribute to the financing of the work according to their share in the building.
Complete Administrative and Urban Planning Declarations
The installation of solar panels requires administrative procedures. The co-ownership’s managing agent will need to file a prior declaration of works with the town hall. If your building is located in a protected or classified area, you will also need to obtain a favorable opinion from the Architecte des Bâtiments de France (ABF). These formalities are important to ensure that the installation complies with local urban planning rules and the architectural landscape.
It is important to note that the managing agent, or the organizing legal entity (PMO), plays a central role in managing these procedures. Their responsibility is to ensure the project’s compliance with current regulations and to coordinate the various stages.
Choosing the Right Location for Your Solar Panels
Finding the right place to install your solar panels is a key step to maximizing energy production. This requires careful analysis of several factors, for both collective roof installations and individual solutions.
The orientation and inclination of your solar panels have a direct impact on the amount of energy they can produce. Ideally, a south-facing orientation is sought to capture the maximum solar radiation throughout the day. However, southeast or southwest orientations can also be very efficient. Inclination is also important; it is often calculated based on the latitude of the installation site. A steeper inclination can favor production in winter when the sun is lower in the sky, and also helps with self-cleaning of the panels by facilitating the shedding of snow or rain.
- A south-facing orientation is generally the most favorable for maximizing solar production.
For a fixed installation, an inclination angle close to the local latitude is often recommended. For example, in more northern regions, a higher angle may be beneficial. It is possible to find online tools to determine the exact latitude of your municipality and thus adjust the inclination. Remember that even a slight deviation from the ideal can be compensated by a slight increase in installed capacity.
For a co-ownership, roof installation is often the most obvious solution for significant energy production. The available roof surface generally allows for the installation of a large number of panels, resulting in higher production capacity. However, the building’s structure must be taken into account to ensure it can support the weight of the panels and mounting structures. Roof access must also be secured for installation and maintenance. The feasibility study must consider actual sunlight, taking into account shadows cast by chimneys, antennas, or neighboring buildings. A detailed analysis of the existing roof is therefore essential.
If collective roof access is not possible for all co-owners, or if you are looking for a more individual solution, alternatives exist. Solar kits designed for balconies or terraces are an increasingly popular option. These kits are generally easier to install and do not require the approval of the entire co-ownership, although the internal regulations should be checked. They allow for direct self-consumption for the apartment concerned. Although the surface area is limited, these solutions can help reduce your electricity bill. It is important to check the load-bearing capacity of your balcony and ensure that the installation complies with safety standards and co-ownership regulations.
Financial and Environmental Benefits of Solar Panels in Co-Ownership
Installing solar panels in your co-ownership is a smart choice with numerous benefits, both economically and ecologically. You might be wondering what it can concretely bring you? Let’s take a closer look.
Reduced Electricity Bills and Improved Energy Performance Diagnosis (DPE)
One of the first benefits you’ll notice is the reduction in your electricity bills. By producing your own energy, you reduce your dependence on traditional suppliers. This local production can directly power the common areas of your building, such as hallway lighting, elevators, or ventilation systems. If you opt for collective self-consumption, the energy produced can even be distributed among the apartments, thus reducing costs for each co-owner. Furthermore, installing solar panels significantly improves your building’s Energy Performance Diagnosis (DPE). A better DPE makes your building more attractive and can even facilitate its sale or rental.
Increased Property Value and Ecological Contribution
Beyond direct savings, investing in collective solar contributes to increasing the value of your property. A building equipped with solar panels is perceived as more modern, more ecological, and therefore more desirable on the market. This is a strong argument for increasing the value of each apartment. On an environmental level, the impact is just as positive. You actively participate in the energy transition by using a clean, renewable energy source. This reduces your co-ownership’s carbon footprint and contributes to the fight against climate change. It’s a concrete action for a more sustainable future.
Available Financial Aid and Subsidies
To support you in your project, several financial aid schemes exist. These subsidies can significantly reduce the initial cost of installation. You can benefit from self-consumption bonuses, Energy Savings Certificates (CEE), or local schemes implemented by regions or departments. This aid makes investing in solar more accessible and accelerates the return on investment. It is advisable to inquire with the relevant authorities to know the eligibility criteria and the steps to follow. Thinking about green energy for your co-ownership also means thinking about optimizing your real estate investment.
Here’s an overview of the benefits:
- Significant reduction in common and private electricity bills.
- Significant improvement of the collective DPE.
- Increase in the building’s property value.
- Direct contribution to the energy transition and reduction of CO2 emissions.
- Access to various financial aids to reduce installation costs.
Technical and Regulatory Aspects of Installation
For your co-ownership solar panel project to proceed smoothly, it is essential to fully understand the technical aspects and comply with current regulations. This may seem complex at first, but by following the right steps, you ensure a high-performing and compliant installation.
Engage RGE-Certified Professionals
The quality of the installation is paramount to ensure the safety and performance of your solar panels. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to use companies certified RGE (Reconnu Garant de l’Environnement – Recognized Guarantor of the Environment). This certification attests to their expertise and commitment to quality and the energy transition. For photovoltaic installations, specifically look for the QualiPV designation. A qualified professional will be able to advise you on the most suitable equipment and will carry out an installation according to best practices. Don’t forget that choosing the right installer is a key step for the success of your project.
Importance of the Consuel Certificate and Enedis Connection
Once the installation work is completed, two administrative steps are necessary for the commissioning of your system. First, you will need to obtain the Consuel certificate. This certificate, issued by the National Committee for the Safety of Electricity Users, confirms that your installation complies with current electrical safety standards. Without this certificate, your installation cannot be put into service. Second, you will need to proceed with the connection to the public electricity grid via Enedis. This procedure not only allows you to inject surplus electricity that you do not consume but also to benefit from a sale contract, for example with EDF OA, to monetize this excess energy. The connection is a technical step that must be managed by the professional you have chosen.
Evolution of Regulations to Facilitate Solar in Co-Ownership
Regulations are evolving to encourage the development of solar energy, particularly in co-ownership. The « renewable energies » law of March 10, 2023, has simplified certain procedures. From now on, the installation of solar panels in co-ownership can be voted on by a simple majority at the general meeting, where an absolute majority was previously required. This change aims to remove some obstacles and make projects more accessible. Furthermore, the threshold for installations benefiting from the simplified purchase tariff has been raised, allowing more projects to develop without going through complex calls for tenders. It is advisable to stay informed about these developments to optimize your project.
Comparing Solar Installation Solutions in Co-Ownership
Given the enthusiasm for renewable energy, several options are available to your co-ownership for installing solar panels. It is important to carefully weigh the advantages and disadvantages of each solution to make the choice best suited to your building and your needs.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Collective Roof Installation
Installing solar panels on the collective roof is often the first idea that comes to mind. It allows for cost sharing and significant energy production for the entire co-ownership. This solution is particularly relevant for buildings with a large, well-exposed roof area.
- Advantages:
- Significant reduction in common and private electricity bills.
- Improvement of the building’s Energy Performance Diagnosis (DPE).
- Increased property value.
- Significant ecological contribution.
- Possibility of selling surplus electricity.
- Disadvantages:
- Requires a vote at a general meeting by absolute majority (or simple majority according to the ENR law).
- Potentially high initial investment, shared among co-owners.
- Dependence on the condition and orientation of the roof.
- Administrative and technical complexity.
Individual Balcony Solar Kits: An Accessible Option
For co-owners who wish to individually engage in the energy transition without relying on a collective decision, balcony solar kits represent an interesting alternative. These systems are designed to be easily installed on a balcony or terrace.
- Advantages:
- Simple and quick installation, often doable by the individual.
- No authorization from the general meeting is required (subject to verification of co-ownership regulations).
- Allows for direct reduction of one’s own electricity bill.
- Lower initial investment than a collective installation.
- Disadvantages:
- Limited energy production due to balcony size and sunlight.
- Performance can be affected by shading from neighboring buildings or pollution.
- Does not benefit the co-ownership’s common charges.
- It is important to verify compatibility with your co-ownership’s rules.
Roof Rental: An Alternative Without Initial Investment
Another approach is to offer the rental of your building’s roof to a company specializing in renewable energy. This company will handle the installation and operation of the solar panels and pay you rent.
This arrangement allows the co-ownership to benefit from solar energy without any financial investment or technical management. The rental income can help reduce charges or fund other projects for the building.
- Advantages:
- No initial investment for the co-ownership.
- Generation of regular rental income.
- No technical or administrative management for the managing agent.
- Contribution to green energy production.
- Disadvantages:
- The co-ownership does not directly benefit from electricity production.
- Long-term contract (often 20 to 30 years).
- The rent amount depends on many factors (area, location, roof condition).
- Less profitable in the long term than an owned installation.
A Shared and Greener Energy Future
As you’ve understood, installing solar panels in a co-ownership requires a bit of preparation, but the benefits are clear. Whether it’s to reduce your electricity bills, improve your property’s value, or actively participate in the energy transition, collective solar offers great prospects. Don’t hesitate to consult your managing agent and explore the various self-consumption options. It is together that you can make your co-ownership a more autonomous and environmentally friendly place. Think about it, the sun is a readily available resource for a more sustainable future.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is collective self-consumption in a co-ownership?
Collective self-consumption is when several people in the same building, or even in neighboring buildings, decide to share the electricity produced by solar panels installed on the roof. Imagine the sun creating electricity for everyone, and you share this energy to reduce your bills. It’s a way to produce and consume green electricity together.
How do I know if my building can install solar panels?
To know if it’s possible, you first need to look at your roof’s sunlight exposure. Is it well exposed to the sun, preferably to the south? You also need to check if the roof structure is strong. Then, a technical study, called a ‘solar assessment,’ will be needed to see how much electricity you could produce and if it’s worthwhile. It’s a bit like doing a diagnosis before starting.
What are the steps to install solar panels in a co-ownership?
First, you need to do this feasibility study. Then, you need to propose the project to the other co-owners at a general meeting to get their approval. If everyone agrees, you need to complete procedures with the town hall. Then, you choose a specialized company to do the work. Once everything is installed, you need to obtain certificates and request connection to the electricity grid.
What is the cost of a solar panel installation in a co-ownership?
The price can vary quite a bit, as it depends on the size of the installation and its power. Generally, you should expect to pay between 900 and 3000 euros per power unit. For a larger project, the cost per unit may decrease. There are also financial aids available that can help reduce the total amount to be paid.
What are the benefits of having solar panels in my co-ownership?
The main benefit is the reduction of your electricity bills. You consume the energy you produce, so you are less dependent on the electricity provider. It also makes your building more ecological and can increase its value. Furthermore, it improves your building’s energy rating, which is a plus.
Can I install solar panels on my balcony if I am a tenant?
Yes, as a tenant, you can absolutely install a small solar kit on your balcony for your own consumption. For this, you generally do not need to ask permission from your landlord or the co-ownership. It’s a simpler, individual solution to benefit from solar energy.
